Final Project

 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aXZQcOm88oUaKe_VdyabVhMRP7uscsubRO8RnyTSXNw/edit?tab=t.0



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Species, speciation... and definitions

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Species is such a difficult word to define because of the drastic variety of creatures on the planet. Since no universal definition exists, scholars have defined the term in four concepts. The biological concepts divide species by reproductive isolation. It states that a species is a group of individuals that can mate with each other and not with other species. This definition is only true for individuals with reproductive data, which excludes every asexual organism and extinct organisms whose reproductive data was not collected. The morphological concept groups individuals in a species by their body shape and other structural features. However, morphological characteristics can provide subjective division. For example, some people may view one physical characteristic as a dividing trait between species, but others may see the characteristic as unimportant. The ecological concept classifies species based on their interaction with the environment, i.e. food, adaptation, and survival ins...
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Evolutionary Advantages to Sexual Reproduction

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 Organisms can be classified by two reproductive types, asexual and sexual. Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring to the single parent. However, sexual reproduction produces offspring from the combination of genes from two parents, resulting in each individual being genetically unique. There are numerous advantages to an organism sexually reproducing mainly stemming from increased genetic diversity within a species. Increasing genetic diversity allows a species to limit harmful mutations, select beneficial mutations, and reduce disease risk. There are three common terms associated with this concept. First, the red queen hypothesis states that organisms are constantly evolving and adapting to their environment to survive, resulting in no species gaining a constant advantage over another species. This is a benefit of sexual reproduction because the increased genetic diversity helps the species remain kept up with the adapting environment. Second, heterozygosit...
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